him. For most of the clerks, you cannot do the Taqlid from a deceased Mujtahid.
Anwar:It seems you forgot to explain the religious scholarship (Ijtihad).
Hasan:No, I saved it for the end to focus on it. The religious scholarship is the study of Shari’a to acquire the knowledge of the practices of the messenger of Allah (PBUH) concerning the branches of the Principles or Foru’ Al-Din, and they are not subjected to change regardless of time and place as the Imams (PBHT) emphasized:(Mohammad’s permitted acts – Halal – are permitted until the Judgment Day and his unpermitted acts – Haram – are unpermitted until the Judgment Day).
Anwar:I need more clarification, please!
Hasan:The clerk has to put enough and final efforts to find evidence from the Shari’a i.e. from the Noble Quran, the Honorable Sunna, consensus religious scholars, and reason, and be able to deduce decisions from that evidence. This person is called religious scholar (Mujtahid) and the work he does – search and deduction – is called religious scholarship (Ijtihad).
این صفحه در کتاب اصلی بدون متن است / هذه الصفحة فارغة في النسخة المطبوعة
CHAPTER ONE
Monotheism
(At-Tawhid)
·Existence of the Glorious Allah
·Qualities of the Glorious Allah
·Demonstration of Types of Monotheism
·Glorifying Ahl Al-Bait (PBUT) is not Polytheism
·Demonstration of Other Types of Monotheism
·Seeking for Assistance from Other than Allah is not Polytheistic
·There is Neither Strength Nor Power But Through Allah
این صفحه در کتاب اصلی بدون متن است / هذه الصفحة فارغة في النسخة المطبوعة
Symposium 4
Existence of the Glorious Allah
Anwar:Now that I know what Ijtihad means and who Mujtahid is and what his characteristics are, I would like to move to other questions.
Hasan:With all pleasure!
Anwar:I do not need evidence to existence of Allah, but it will be good if I have some ideological culture.
Hasan:Religious scholars referred to substantially different evidence. I’ll mention a few of them:
· The innately evidence: this realization comes by nature, and we know that there is an Almighty God when we are in trouble. This feeling is evidence in itself.
· The possibility evidence: it is based on the fact that
·
· existence is divided to: essentially in existence, possible to exist, and impossible to exist.
I’ll explain these concepts. Essentially in existence means that the existence of something or someone is not related to others i.e. it is an absolute undeniable existence, and this is a quality that only the Glorious Allah has and no one else. Possible to exist means that the existence of something or someone is actually related to others. This is a quality for all mankind except Allah, Praised Be His Name. Impossible to exist simply means it has no existence; impossible is false and untrue, so it has no existence; it is actually nothing.
· The effect evidence: the essence of this evidence goes like this: we have creatures all around us, and there is no doubt in that. These creatures are results and effects. Now an effect needs a cause, and these creatures, as effects, need a cause which is not an effect itself, that is, the Glorious Allah.
I’ll give more explanation. In this entity, every creature has a creator or a maker, but after all, there must be a creature that does not have a creator and that is not related to other entities; otherwise he is no different
from others. This creator and maker cannot be but the Glorious Allah.
· Incidence and change: to clarify this I need to say that the universe is changeable, that is, it takes an incidence for the universe to change. Now, this incidence cannot be substance or matter in order not to be exposed to changing.
· Order and harmony: it is obvious that this universe is in harmony and order. Everything has a function; ears are congruous for hearing only, and tongue is appropriate for speaking and not seeing, and so on and so forth. This does prove the existence of a wisely organizing creator who is no one but Allah, Praised Be His Name.
These are only some evidence to the existence of our Great and Almighty Creator. I think we are done for today although there is more evidence to existence of Allah such as limitedness, arrangement, guidance, etc.
Symposium 5
Existence of the Glorious Allah
Anwar:Last time you mentioned some rational proofs to the existence of the Great and Almighty Allah. Now, I want to know if Ahl Al-Bait (PBUT) dealt with this issue.
Hasan:I will show you some sayings from Ahl Al-Bait (PBUT) as examples.
Anwar:Allah rewards you well, my generous teacher!
Hasan:likewise, Akhi! You like to learn and I like to do a review my ideological knowledge. I will start with a Verse from the Noble Quran:(I have turned my face toward Him Who created (Fatara) the heavens and the earth).6;79
The Arabic word Fatara (Fitra) here means creation or